Gustav Klimt, 1909 - The Kiss (di na nwunye) - ọmarịcha nka

Ozi ngwaahịa ebipụta zuru oke

The Kiss (di na nwunye) bụ nke art nouveau mere Ọstrịa onye na-ese ihe Gustav Klimt. The 110 Ụdị ihe osise ahụ dị afọ nke nwere nha 180 × 180 cm - akụkụ etiti: 184 × 184 × 5,2 cm, igbe ihe ngosi ma jiri ya see ya. Usoro mmanụ na kwaaji. Ihe osise a nwere ederede na-esonụ dị ka ndetu: "binyere aka na ala aka nri: GVSTAV/KLIMT". Kedu ihe ọzọ, ihe osise ahụ bụ nke nchịkọta Belvedere. Site n'ikike nke © Belvedere, Vienna (nwere ikike: ngalaba ọha). : ịzụrụ n'aka onye na-ese ihe na ihe ngosi nka, Vienna na 1908. Ọzọkwa, itinye n'ọnọdụ bụ square na a ruru nke 1: 1, nke pụtara na ogologo ya hà nhata. Gustav Klimt bụ onye na-ese ihe si Austria, onye ụdị nka ya bụ Art Nouveau. Onye omenkà Ọstrịa biri ndụ ngụkọta nke 56 afọ - amuru n'ime 1862 na steeti Vienna, Austria ma nwụọ n'afọ 1918.

Ngwaahịa anyị na-enye:

Na nhọrọ ndọpụta ngwaahịa ị nwere ike họrọ ihe na nha nke nhọrọ gị. Nha na ihe ndị a bụ nhọrọ anyị na-enye gị maka nkeonwe:

• Kwaaji: Mbipụta akwa akwa bụ akwa akwa ebipụtara n'elu osisi. Mbipụta Canvas nwere uru nke ịdị obere ibu, nke na-egosi na ọ dị mfe idowe ebipụta Canvas gị na-enweghị nkwado nke mgbanaka mgbidi ọzọ. N'ihi ya, mpempe akwa akwa kwesịrị ekwesị maka mgbidi dị iche iche.
• Poster (akwa akwa akwa): Ihe nledo ahụ bụ akwa akwa e biri ebi nke nwere udidi granular n'elu. Ọ dabara adaba maka ịmepụta oyiri nka gị n'ụdị nkeonwe. Biko buru n'uche, na dabere na nha zuru oke nke mbipụta akwụkwọ mmado anyị na-agbakwunye oke ọcha n'etiti 2-6cm gburugburu ihe eji ebipụta akwụkwọ, nke na-eme ka nhazi ahụ dị mfe.
• Mbipụta nke aluminom: Mbipụta aluminom Dibond bụ mbipụta ọla nwere mmetụta omimi pụtara ìhè. Mbipụta Aluminom Dibond bụ mmalite gị kacha mma iji aluminom megharịa. Maka mbipụta Aluminom Dibond Direct gị, anyị na-ebipụta ihe osise gị ahọpụtara ozugbo n'elu ihe aluminom na-acha ọcha. Akụkụ ndị na-egbuke egbuke na ndị na-acha ọcha nke ihe osise a na-egbuke egbuke na-egbuke egbuke na-egbuke egbuke, n'agbanyeghị na-enweghị ọkụ. Agba na-egbuke egbuke, nkọwa dị mma nke ebipụta na-apụta ìhè ma dị nkọ.
• Mbipụta iko acrylic (nke nwere ezigbo mkpuchi iko): Mbipụta iko acrylic, nke a na-akpọkarị mbipụta plexiglass, ga-agbanwe ihe mbụ ọkacha mmasị gị ka ọ bụrụ ihe ndozi mara mma ma bụrụ ezigbo ihe ọzọ na mbipụta nka nke ọma nke aluminom ma ọ bụ kwaaji. Ejiri igwe ebipụta UV ọgbara ọhụrụ rụọ ọrụ nka gị. Na acrylic glass art prints iche na kwa obere nkọwa na-ekpughere n'ihi kpọmkwem gradation nke mbipụta.

Ihe dị mkpa: Anyị na-eme ihe anyị nwere ike ime iji gosi ngwaahịa anyị na nkọwapụta dị ka o kwere mee na iji gosi ha anya. Ka o sina dị, pigmenti nke ihe ndị a na-ebipụta na akara nwere ike ịdị iche iche site na ihe nnọchianya na ihuenyo. Dabere na ntọala nke ihuenyo gị na ọdịdị nke elu, agba nwere ike ghara ibipụta otu narị pasent n'ezie. N'ihi na a na-ebipụta ma jiri aka hazie ha niile, enwere ike ịnwe obere mgbanwe na nha motif na kpọmkwem ọnọdụ.

Ngwaahịa a

Tebụl a haziri ahazi nke ihe osise

Tebụl nchịkọta ihe nkiri

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Ozi nka sitere na Belvedere (© Nwebiisinka - nke Belvedere - www.belvedere.at)

N'oge ihe ngosi nka nke 1908 [1], Imperial na Royal Ministry of Culture and Education nwetara akara ngosi dị egwu nke Gustav Klimt "Ndị hụrụ n'anya" maka gallery nke oge a na ntinye ọnụ nke Art Commission, [2] na n'otu oge ahụ Art Commission. nke ngalaba German nke Modern Gallery nke Alaeze Bohemia kpebiri na nzukọ ya na 29 Jenụwarị iji nweta akara ngosi ncheta Gustav Klimt "Ndị hụrụ n'anya". Onye edemede na nka nka Berta Zuckerkandl mere mmemme na "Wiener Allgemeine Zeitung" site n'okwu ndị a: "N'ikpeazụ, a na-edozi ihe nkwụsị na-enweghị nghọta. N'ikpeazụ, eziokwu siri ike nke a na-apụghị ịkwenye na Austria's Modern Gallery enwebeghị onye isi obodo Austria nke ọrụ nnọchite anya ọ bụla. Ọnụ ahịa ịzụrụ ihe dị oke ọnụ - ego a ga-akwụ onye na-ese ihe na nkeji abụọ hà nhata[5] - a na-eche ya dị ka ụdị "nkwụghachi ụgwọ" iji kwụọ Klimt ụgwọ maka ọjụjụ nke ihe a na-akpọ eserese ngalaba na ikpe na-ezighị ezi. o buterela. Ọ bụ ezie na a ka na-akọwapụta usoro maka ịzụrụ ihe, Klimt gara Attersee dị ka ọ na-emebu wee degara onye odeakwụkwọ na-ahụ maka ọrụ bụ Max von Millenkovich-Morold na 16 Julaị 1908 site n'ebe obibi ya n'oge okpomọkụ, na ọ ga-emecha ihe osise a na-emechabeghị nke ọma. "Ndị hụrụ n'anya" ozugbo njedebe nke ihe ngosi ahụ ma nyefee ya na Imperial na Royal Ministry n'onwe ya"[6]. Amụma nchekwube nke Klimt tụgharịrị bụrụ nkwupụta akaghi aka na nlegharị anya, ebe ọ bụ na mmecha nke eserese na ntuziaka metụtara ịkwụ ụgwọ nkeji nke abụọ nke ọnụahịa azụta nwere ike igosipụta na June 1909.[7]. Emechara webata "Ndị hụrụ n'anya" nke Klimt n'anụ ahụ n'ime ndepụta nke mkpokọta ihe ngosi nke Modern Gallery na Julaị 22, 1909.[8]. Ụdị nke mbụ nke eserese a gosipụtara na ihe ngosi nka nke 1908 bụ n'ezie nke na-ezughị ezu. Klimt nọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ịhazi na ịmecha ihe ngosi ahụ na mmecha nke isi ọrụ ya, bụ nke e bu n'obi dị ka onye mmekọ na nnukwu eserese "The Ages Ages", enweghịzi ike ime n'oge tupu oghere. Mgbe njedebe nke nnukwu ihe ngosi ahụ, Klimt kwesịrị ịgbakwunye ahịhịa ifuru n'aka ekpe wee rụgharịa ihe ịchọ mma nke uwe. Na N'ezie nke ẹkụre enye akp, na-esonụ anatomi, doro anya kwa mkpụmkpụ ala ụkwụ nke ikpere. Nnweta nke eserese bụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ na a ga-emepụtagharị "Ndị hụrụ n'anya" mgbe emechara ha "na-ahapụ nkwupụta ọ bụla maka ụgwọ ọrụ" site n'aka onye na-ese ihe maka "steeti, karịsịa maka ebumnuche mmụta na sayensị"[9]. Ya mere, a ga-eziga ihe osise a na Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọmụmụ Ihe Ọmụmụ na Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-eme Nnyocha maka nke a.[10]. N'ezie Klimt maara ihe ebumnobi nke isusu ọnụ ma ọ bụ mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị, bụ nke ndị na-ese ihe na-ewerekarị ma dị iche iche na iri afọ ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 19. Na mgbakwunye, ya onwe ya eseela isiokwu a na 1895 na eserese e kere dị ka ihe nlereanya maka mbipụta nke usoro "Allegories and Emblems" nke ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Viennese Gerlach und Schenk. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọrụ Edvard Munch, bụ onye sitere na 1897 na-arụ ọrụ n'usoro mgbasa ozi nka dị iche iche ya na di na nwunye na-esusu ọnụ, ka a kpọtụrụ aha n'ụzọ ziri ezi dị ka isi iyi nke mkpali maka akara ngosi Klimt.[11] Afọ abụọ tupu Munch, Franz von Stuck, onye Klimt nwere mmasị na ya ma na-anabata ya, eseela ọrụ ya dị mkpa "The Kiss of the Sphinx". N'ime ndị na-ese ihe Austrian, Klimt nwere ekele karịsịa Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, bụ onye na 1858 tinyere onwe ya na isiokwu asụsụ ahụ na otu n'ime ihe osise ya kacha atọ ụtọ, "Belauschte Liebesleute" ("Ndị hụrụ n'anya nke anụchapụrụ"). N'afọ sochirinụ, Francesco Hayez nke ihunanya, nke Antonio Canova kpaliri, sere ihe nkiri a na-eto nke ukwuu nke otu di na nwunye na-esusu ọnụ. N'agbanyeghị mmetụta ndị a niile nwere ike ime, onye France na-ese ihe Auguste Rodin ekwesịghị ichefu. Rodin, onye ọrụ ya nwere ike ịhụ na mbụ ngosi nke Vienna Secession na 1898, [12] gara Vienna na June 7, 1902 - na-alaghachi site na nnukwu ihe ngosi ya na Prague - ma hụ Klimt's "Beethoven Frieze" , nke ọ masịrị ya nke ukwuu[13] Klimt akọwaworị isiokwu a na "Beethoven Frieze" na n'otu ụzọ ahụ afọ ole na ole gara aga na ngalaba eserese "Philosophy". Foto ngalaba ndị a na-egosi na Klimt nwere njikọ chiri anya na nka Rodin, nke kachasị na "Ọnụ Ụzọ Ámá nke Hell", nke e kere n'etiti 1880 na 1884 na iji anya nke uche Dante's "Inferno". Maka "ndị hụrụ" n'anya, otu ọnụ ọgụgụ dị na pilaster ekpe nke "Ọnụ Ụzọ Ámá Hell" na centaur na nwa agbọghọ ahụ tụgharịrị n'ebe ọ nọ nwere ike iwere ya dị ka mmetụta. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọzọ nke ihe mejupụtara Rodin nke nwere ike ịdị mkpa maka Klimt bụ di na nwunye ahụ bụ "Arụsị Ebighị Ebi" hibere na 1884 na otu "The Eternal Spring" kere afọ ise ka e mesịrị. Ọ bụ ihe a pụrụ iche n'echiche na Klimt wepụtara ihe ngwọta nke ya maka ịhụnanya " ebighị ebi" kwesịrị ekwesị site na okike Rodin. Dị nnọọ ka Rodin hụrụ onwe ya dị ka onye hụrụ n'anya n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ya, Klimt chọsiri ike igosi onwe ya na nwoke. Otú ọ dị, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na 1902 na-ekpuchi ihu ya, dị ka ọ dị na XNUMX na ọnọdụ nke "nnabata" na "Beethoven Frieze" na ọzọ na "mmezu" nke ihe Frieze maka ụlọ iri nri nke Palais Stoclet na Brussels. Dị ka a ga-asị na nke ahụ ezughi oke, okpu ivy dị na ntutu nwoke ahụ nyere ihe ngosi ahụ ihe ochie. Ọ bụ Alice Strobl bụ onye, ​​na ndabere nke eserese na 1917 sketchbook (Strobl III, No. 3165), nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'igosipụta n'ụzọ doro anya na Klimt anwụghị anwụ ebe a, yana Emilie Flöge, onye onye na-ese ihe na-amaghị aha ya site na ntutu na-acha uhie uhie[14] N'ihi enweghị mgbagwoju anya na-enwekarị banyere mmekọrịta ha na ibe ha, ọ dị mkpa ịkọwapụta. na Klimt ebe a emeghị - dị ka Rodin ma ọ bụ Munch, dịka ọmụmaatụ - eme ka nsusu ọnụ n'onwe ya bụrụ nsogbu. Ọ chọghị akụkụ nke agụụ mmekọahụ, obi ụtọ na agụụ mmekọahụ, n'ihu, mana nnabata dị nro na, dị ka a pụrụ isi kwuo ya, mmalite nke ahụmahụ a chọrọ. Uwe zuru oke nke di na nwunye ahụ na-ekwukwa maka nke a. Klimt na-eyi uwe ọrụ ogologo ala ya a na-ahụkarị, bụ nke edobere ya nke ọma ma chọọ ya mma. Naanị akwa olu sara mbara, nke na-ahapụ olu muscular nke onye na-ese ihe, na silhouette nke anụ ahụ nwoke, nke pụtara megide ala ọla edo na-amaghị aha, na-ekpughe uwe ahụ dị ka nke a. Klimt na-eyi smock tumadi na Attersee n'èzí, ebe Emilie Flöge na-eyi uwe na-agbanwe agbanwe.[15] Ihe ịchọ mma nke uwe na-erube isi n'iwu nke ọdịiche dị iche iche nke nwoke na nwanyị: A na-ekenye nwoke akụkụ anọ, ọla edo na ọlaọcha na nwoke, ma e wezụga ihe ole na ole, ebe uwe nwanyị, nke dabara na ahụ ya, bụ curvilinear na oval. ọcha nakwa dị ka yi iberibe okooko osisi. Nkewa ahụ a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu na-egosipụtakwa ikewapụ nke ọnụọgụ abụọ ahụ, bụ ndị, dịka di na nwunye na "Beethoven frieze", nke etinyere na aureole nke onwe "onwe" kpamkpam, adịghị eme kọntaktị ọ bụla na onye na-ekiri ya. Ha bụ naanị onwe ha ma si otú ahụ kwe ka nkwubi okwu bụ na obi ụtọ nwere ike ịdị "na-abụghị eziokwu ọha mmadụ". Dị ka ihe osise nke "sunflower", nke malitere n'otu oge ahụ ma na-ese ya na Litzlberg am Attersee, Klimt na-ewepụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na eziokwu site n'enyemaka nke ahịhịa ahịhịa. Klimt, nnukwu ọhụụ nke ụdị, usoro na "Ndị hụrụ n'anya" ahụmahụ o mere n'oge nleta na ihe ngosi Hagenbund na 1902 n'ihu ihe osise dị egwu "Die Eismänner" (Belvedere, Vienna) nke Karl Mediz dere. Dị ka ihe ijuanya dị ka ntụnyere ahụ nwere ike ịbụ, a pụghị ịgọnarị na Klimt's Wiesenzone Mediz dị nnọọ ka ọnụ ọnụ ugwu tojuru na okooko osisi. O nwekwara ike ịbụ na ọ kpalitere mmetụta okirikiri nke okirikiri akụkụ abụọ, nke na-akpali ndị "ndị hụrụ n'anya" n'ụzọ dị egwu ọbụna pụọ ​​n'eziokwu ma gharakwa ekwe ka ihe ọ bụla na-ezo aka n'ezigbo oghere. Klimt egbuola azụ azụ n'ụzọ yiri nke ahụ na eserese ya na 1903 "The Golden Knight". Otu ederede ndabere - ngwakọta ihe nke metal mmetụta, ngwakọta ọla ọla edo, akwụkwọ ọla edo na mmanụ na-ese na zinc ọcha primer - a na-ahụkwa na foto 1907/08 "Adele Bloch-Bauer I" na eserese "Hoffnung II" ", na-ese ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'out oge. The ocheeze nke okooko osisi tojuru na okooko osisi nwere ike ọma pụtara ọdọ mmiri n'ikpere mmiri n'ihu Villa Oleander na Kammerl am Attersee, karịsịa ebe ọ bụ na algae ama mara site na foto "ụmụ agbọghọ" na "Mmiri Snakes" pụtara na dabere, ntụgharị. nso-mmiri ebe nke ifuru ahịhịa. Ya mere, okirikiri ọla edo dị okirikiri ga-abụ enyo mara mma nke Attersee n'ụtụtụ ma ọ bụ anyanwụ mgbede, nke di na nwunye ahụ ji ịhụnanya tụgharịa. N'ọnwa okpomọkụ nke 1907, Gustav Klimt na Emilie Flöge bịarutere nso na Litzlberg am Attersee. N'oge okpomọkụ a, ha nọrọ oge kacha nwee obi ụtọ. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na Klimt tinyere aka na ihe osise mbụ maka Stocletfries n'oge a na-emepụta ihe osise na na frieze mechara gbuo yiri "Liebespaar" n'ọtụtụ akụkụ na-akwado nkọwa a nke isiokwu ahụ. Ọbụlagodi na ọ nwere ike ọ gaghị adị ka ihe na-ekwenye ekwenye na nlele mbụ, ntụnyere ọmarịcha nka Klimt na Frederic Leighton's "The Fisherman and the Syren: From Ballad by Goethe" bụ ihe na-ekpughere nke ọma. 16] N'ime ọrụ ya nke e sere n'etiti 1856 na 1858, Leighton ezoghị aka na akụkọ ifo siren na abụ iri na abụọ nke Homer's Odyssey, kama o jiri akụkọ egwu Goethe "The Fisher" mee ihe dị ka ihe atụ maka eserese ya nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ. Ọ gbalịrị ịgbanarị ndị nkatọ na England mara mma site n'ịtụ aka na Goethe na aha ya na ụdị foto dị obere na-enweghị atụ. Ka o sina dị, onye nyocha na "Saturday Review" nke 1858 kwuru na foto a "agaghị akpasu iwe n'ebe ụfọdụ n'enweghị ihe kpatara ya"[17]. Ọ dị obere ka Leighton na-ekwu okwu n'ihu ọha gbasara isiokwu nke agụụ na agụụ mmekọahụ. Nwa okorobịa ahụ na-acha ọla kọpa bụ siren na-acha ọkụ nke na-amakụ ya nke ọma ma na-akụgide ahụ ya ike megide ya, kpamkpam n'ebere ya, wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ banye na mmiri na-egbu egbu. Akụkụ pụrụ iche nke eserese ahụ bụ mmetụta anụ ahụ nke isi abụọ na ngosipụta nke oge na-atọ ụtọ ozugbo tupu nsusu ọnụ na-adọrọ adọrọ nke na-emechi akara aka onye ọkụ azụ. Akara ngosi nke Gustav Klimt nwekwara otu ebumnuche. Otú ọ dị, dị ka e kwuworo, isiokwu a abụghị omume nsusu ọnụ n'onwe ya, kama ọ bụ n'ókè pụrụ iche, oge dị n'ihu ya. N'ụzọ dị iche na Leighton, kpọmkwem 50 afọ mgbe e mesịrị Klimt nwere ohere iji gosi onwe ya na ndụ ya nwoke Emilie Flöge, na ụfọdụ postures na poses nakwa dị ka incarnate ọ malitere Leighton si Mediterranean ọkụ azụ na siren. Mgbe onye ahụ ghọtara na Klimt si "ndị hụrụ" na-amakwụnye ibe ha na a flowery ibé ala ahịhịa juru na ọdọ mmiri, na mgbe ahụ na-eweta algae na ndị hụrụ 'ụkwụ n'ime kwesịrị ekwesị onodu, ụzọ Leighton si siren bụ agaghịkwa karịsịa n'ebe dị anya. [Ihe odide: Alfred Weidinger 6/2012] Okwu: 1] Cf. Agnes Husslein-Arco/ Alfred Weidinger (ed.), Gustav Klimt na ihe ngosi nka 1908 (ihe ngosi. pusi. Belvedere, Vienna 2008/09), Munich 2008 - [2] Ya na Klimt's "Ndị hụrụ n'anya" ihe osise "Interior from the Imperial and Royal Ministry of Finance" nke Carl Moll (K 5000,-) na Franz Metzner's enyemaka "The Dance" (K 4000,-) na marble ka enwetara. Austrian State Archives, Vienna, faịlụ 32554/08 - [3] Austrian State Archives, Vienna, faịlụ 32554/08 - [4] Berta Zuckerkandl, "Ịzụta nke Klimt na-arụ ọrụ site na steeti na ala", na: Wiener Allgemeine Zeitung, 4 Ọgọst 1908, p. 3 - [5] A ga-akwụ ụgwọ nke mbụ ozugbo e nyechara eserese ahụ, nke abụọ na mmalite nke afọ na-esote. - 6] Akwụkwọ ozi nke 16 Julaị 1908 sitere na Gustav Klimt nye odeakwụkwọ Minista Max von Millenkovich-Morold, Austrian State Archives, Vienna. - 7] Ebe nchekwa obodo Austria, Vienna, Legatur Zl. 32554/08 nke 29 June 1909 - [8] Iwu (na-enweghị ọnụ ọgụgụ) si na Archive nke Belvedere, Vienna, nke nnata nke eserese "Ndị hụrụ n'anya" (No. 912) kwadoro. - 9] Akwụkwọ ozi e degaara ndị odeakwụkwọ nke Kunstschau 1908, Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Vienna, faịlụ 32554/08 - [10] Dị ka akwụkwọ ozi nke 22 Septemba 1908 sitere na Imperial na Royal Ministry of Culture and Education nye Directorate nke Graphische Lehr - und Versuchsanstalt, eserese "Liebespaar" ga-abụ "[n]ach Herstellung der Reproduktionen, welche die unmittelbar an das Ministerium für Kultus- und Unterricht zu leiten [...] zu die Akademie der bildenden Künste na Wien (Kustos Gerisch). ) abzugeben". Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Vienna, faịlụ no. 598/1-XXIc/768. - [11] Cf. Hans Bisanz, "Zur Bildidee Der Kuss - Gustav Klimt na Edvard Munch", na: Tobias G. Natter/ Gerbert Frodl (ed.), Klimt und anwụ Frauen (Ausst.-Cat. Belvedere, Vienna 2000/01), Vienna 2000, p. 226-234 - [12] Cf. Agnes Husslein-Arco/ Stephan Koja (ed.), Rodin na Vienna (pusi ngosi. Belvedere, Vienna 2010/11), Munich 2010 - [13] Cf. na mgbakwunye na ọgwụgwọ zuru ezu nke isiokwu a site na Renée Price, "The Kiss: Gustav Klimt na Auguste Rodin", na: anwụ. (Ed.), Gustav Klimt - Ronald S. Nchịkọta Lauder na Serge Sabarsky (Ngosipụta Cat. Neue Galerie, New York 2007/08), New York 2007, p. 233-251 - [14] Alice Strobl, "The Sketchbook of 1917", na: anwụ., Gustav Klimt. Die Zeichnungen, Vol. III, 1912-1918, Salzburg 1984, p. 241 - [15] Cf. Ọtụtụ foto na-egosi onye na-ese ihe na smock ya, tumadi na Attersee, na: Agnes Husslein-Arco/ Alfred Weidinger (ed.), Gustav Klimt & Emilie Flöge - Foto, Munich 2012 - [16] Cf. Alfred Weidinger, "Gedanken über die Gebrüder Klimt und die viktorianische Malerei", na: Agnes Husslein-Arco/ Alfred Weidinger (ed.), Schlafende Schönheit. Ihe osise mara mma nke ihe osise Victorian sitere na Museo de Arte de Ponce (Ngosipụta Cat. Belvedere, Vienna 2010), Vienna 2010, p. 113-124 - [17] Nyocha Satọde, 15 Mee 1858, p.