Pierre-Auguste Renoir, 1875 - Tupu ịsa ahụ (Avant le bain) - mbipụta nka mara mma.

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a nkà nke oge a masterpiece a na-akpọ Before the Bath (Avant le bain) onye France na-ese ihe mere ya Pierre-Auguste Renoir in 1875. Ihe gafere 140 afọ mbụ nwere nha ndị a: N'ozuzu: 32 5/16 x 26 3/16 na (82 x 66,5 cm). Mmanụ na kwaaji was applied by the artist as the medium of the piece of art. This artwork is part of the Ụlọ ọrụ Barnes Foundation nchịkọta. Site n'ikike nke Site n'ikike nke Barnes Foundation, Merion na Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (ikike - ngalaba ọha): . E wezụga nke ahụ, nhazi nke mmepụta dijitalụ bụ Eserese ma nwee oke nke 1: 1.2, nke pụtara na ogologo bụ 20% mkpụmkpụ karịa obosara. The illustrator, painter, sculptor Pierre-Auguste Renoir was a European artist, whose art style can be attributed mainly to Impressionism. The European painter was born in the year 1841 in Limoges, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France and deceased at the age of 78 N'afọ 1919 na Cagnes-sur-Mer, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France.

Nkọwa mgbakwunye nke Barnes Foundation (© - Barnes Foundation - Ntọala Barnes)

Before the Bath is one of 19 paintings Renoir offered for sale in a scandalous public auction at Hotel Drouot on March 23–24, 1875. Organized by Galerie Durand-Ruel, the auction included new works by Renoir, Monet, Morisot, and Sisley; so controversial were the canvases on view that the public became almost violent. As Paul Durand-Ruel recalled years later, the sale "provoked incredible scenes. The day of the viewing and during the sale, [we] had to call the police in order to prevent small altercations from degenerating into full-fledged battles. The public, incensed by the rare supporters, wanted to stop the sale and howled at each bid". It is hard to imagine that a subtle painting like Before the Bath at one time provoked fistfights. At first glance, it has little of the radicalism of a work such as Study, Nude in Sunlight (Musée d'Orsay), another half-length nude that would cause uproars at the 1876 impressionist exhibition for its bold colors and disruptive splotches of sunlight playing across the flesh. Here, indoors, Renoir's focus is on the body itself rather than on the play of light across it. The moment presented is a private one: the figure undresses for bathing, the shallow space and up-close focus adding to the feeling of intimacy. Her raised arms form a perfect triangular frame around her face, which wears a serene expression. The palette is fairly subdued and the modeling of the figure's torso is strong, with subtle tonal modulations producing rounded forms, especially in the arms and under the breasts. With her sculpted forms and falling garment, she evokes such classical sculpture as the Venus de Milo.This evocation may be precisely what offended about the picture. For superimposed onto this classical frame are signs of the everyday. The hair is unkempt, and rumpled bedcovers can be glimpsed in the background. The raised arms reveal hair in the armpits—a detail which audiences in 1875 were not accustomed to seeing—and the facial features, while attractive, are not idealized: she looks too much like an ordinary Parisian woman. Theodore Duret wrote admiringly about this aspect of Renoir's nudes: "Instead of looking up to beings which represented human nature as perfectly beautiful, he was looking at ordinary creatures, his women were such as one could meet anywhere, he had made no selection." Indeed, it was Duret who had purchased the painting at the 1875 sale, through Henri Hecht, for the small sum of 140 francs. Yet Duret's enthusiasm was hardly typical; for most viewers the painting must have seemed a strange confusion of the real and the ideal.While the painting has the voyeuristic feel of having entered into this woman's private space, we know very well that Renoir set up this scenario in his studio. The patterned wallpaper in the background is from his apartment in the rue Saint-Georges, and can be seen also in the portrait of Jeanne Durand-Ruel (BF950). The model is possibly Henriette Henriot, who posed for so many of Renoir's pictures around this time; see Parisienne (National Museum Wales). Though the hair on this model is darker than the notorious red mane seen in other representations of Henriot, the face, especially the nose and mouth, is strikingly similar to her appearance in Parisienne. By the time Before the Bath was featured in a 1912 exhibition in Durand-Ruel's New York gallery, it was one of Renoir's most celebrated works. Critics such as Octave Mirbeau had earlier praised its "strong drawing," calling it "one of the best pieces of modern painting." Durand-Ruel, who had purchased the painting at the Duret sale in 1894, marveled over the increase in its value over the course of a few decades. Barnes went several times to New York to see the Renoirs in the 1912 exhibition. Struck by this picture in particular, he inquired about its price, only to be told in a letter from one of the Durand-Ruel sons that it was not for sale. Barnes succeeded in securing the picture a few weeks later, in April 1912, much to the delight of American critics such as James Huneker, who raved about its "glowing, nacreous flesh tones [and] its admirable modeling" in the New York Sun. "Luckily," he continued, "the canvas is now in the collection of an American not many hours from New York."

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